The museum’s Egyptian and Nubian collections comprise objects dating from Prehistory to the Roman period and the Middle Ages. Associated with the religious and funerary world (sarcophagi, shabtis, amulets, mummies, stelae, sculptures of deities, etc.), many of them come from systematic archaeological excavations carried out at Ihnasya el-Medina (Herakleopolis Magna) and at various Nubian sites.
Meanwhile, the Ancient Near East collection consists of a small number of pieces stretching from Prehistory to Roman times and includes pottery, inscriptions, bricks, seals and bronzes, primarily from Mesopotamia and Persia.
The Fertile Crescent, which includes Egypt and the Near East, witnessed the emergence of the first urban civilisations, the first centralised political structure and the first monumental architecture. The objects in this section shed light on the vast contributions to civilisation made by Mesopotamian cultures. They also offer an insight into the unique natural environment in which the ancient Egyptians and Nubians lived, as well as their daily life, religious beliefs and funeral customs.